Terminology

=__Terminology__=


 * **Aesthetic**- the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature of art and the criteria of artistic judgment.
 * **Ambulatory-** an aisle surrounding the end of the choir and chancel of a church.
 * **Amphiprostyle-** Having a prostyle or set of columns at each end but none along the sides, as in some Greek temples.
 * **Apse** - a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault.
 * **Arch** - a curved structure capable of spanning a space while still supporting significant weight.
 * **Balustrade-** a railing with any number of closely spaced supports
 * **Barrel Vault**- the simplest vault; a single arch from wall to wall
 * **Basilica-** A Roman public building, mainly used for law and trials
 * **Bastion-** a projecting portion of a rampart or fortification that forms an irregular pentagon attached at the base to the main work.
 * **Bay Window-** an alcove of a room, projecting from an outside wall and having its own windows.
 * **Bousillage**- mud combined with moss and animal hair
 * **Buttress-** any external prop or support built to steady a structure by opposing its outward thrusts
 * **Capitals-** decorative elements atop of column
 * **Caryatids-** a sculptured female figure used as a column.
 * **Cella-** the entire central structure of a classical temple.
 * **Clapboard Siding**** - ** Wood siding used on a house
 * **Cloacae Maxima-** underground sewer underneath Rome
 * **Columns-** supported posts often decorated
 * **Concrete-** created from mortar and aggregate
 * **Cornice - ** The piece that runs along were the roof and wall meets.
 * **Cupola-** a dome, especially once covering a circular or polygonal area
 * **Dentils****-** A molding going around a house with rectangle holes in it.
 * **Dome** - two or more vaults crossing to create a hemispherical ceiling
 * **Dormer**- a window which is set vertically on a sloping roof
 * **Eaves**- the edge of a roof, usually projects beyond the side of the building
 * **Entablature - ** The upper part of a wall or story
 * **Frieze-** any decorative band on an outside wall, broader than a stringcourse and bearing lettering, sculpture, etc.
 * **Finial****-** the decorative part which ends the point of a spire or other item that projects upward.
 * **Gable**- the triangle formed by a sloping roof
 * **Galleries**- wide porches
 * **Gradient-** a gradual angled slope that increases several of inches hundreds of feet
 * **Groin Vault-** always square in plan and intersects at right angles
 * **Intrinsic**- basic or inborn
 * **Lintel - ** A post that goes across the top of a window or door
 * **Lombard Band-** ornamental arches
 * **Lourdes-** a place where people came to be healed.
 * **Mastabas-** rectangular buildings used as a funeral monument
 * **Mansard roof-** A roof with two slopes and often is flat on top.
 * **Nave-** the principal longitudinal area of a church, extends from main entrance
 * **Newel post****-** A tall and sometimes fancy carved post at the top or bottom of a stair used to hold up the hand rail.
 * **Pastiche** - an incongruous combination of materials, forms, motifs, etc., taken from different sources; hodgepodge.
 * **Pediment****-** The piece that comes out from the roof and covers the porch
 * **Peristyle-** a colonnade surrounding a building or an open space.
 * **Pisé** - rammed earthen construction technique; a damp mixture of earth with suitable proportions of sand, gravel, and clay in to an external supported frame that molds the shape of a wall section creating a solid wall of earth.
 * **Pointed Arched Vaults**- same diameter ribs both horizontally and transversely causing the ribs to meet at a point
 * **Ponderous**- to think about something, to wonder.
 * **Portico - ** A porch with a roof
 * **Prostasis-** a pronaos or prostas before a cella.
 * **Ribbed Vaults-** spans transversely with diagonal ribs and the spaces are filled with a lighter material
 * **Roman Aqueduct**- Artificial sloped channel to convey water to the cities
 * **Roman Temple-** cultic building dedicated to the Gods
 * **Shingle****-** A thin unit of wood, slate tile, concrete or other material used in a series of overlapping rows to cover the roof or the side of a house.
 * **The Amphitheater-** a level open space surrounded by stands
 * **Transept-** any major transverse part of the body of a church, usually crossing the nave, at right angles, at the entrance to the choir
 * **Trilithons-** pairs of uprights with a lintel on top.
 * **Turret** - a small tower, usually one forming part of a larger structure.
 * **Valerium-** Retractable roof over the Colosseum
 * **Vault** - a corridor of Arches